Ballistics for Excel Forum

BfX => General discussion => Topic started by: schipjan on May 09, 2010, 12:58:30 PM

Title: Engine
Post by: schipjan on May 09, 2010, 12:58:30 PM
Hello, I am e new forum member, with only one question: a Lancaster bomber flies at abou 16600 feet with a speed of about 240 mph and its nose down about 10 degrees. At that point it looses one of its engines (plus propellor). At what distance from the point down on the ground where the aircraft lost the engine wil the engine hit the ground? I understand that you are experts on ballistics of shooting, but I hope you can help me with this calculation. Thanks, Jan
Title: Re: Engine
Post by: admin on May 09, 2010, 01:15:17 PM
Jan,

interesting question, could be a question of my father too! I think I can make an educated guess and produce a spreadsheet for you.

However, I have first to pounder about the issue - what is the drag of an motor, and then make some calculations. This costs me about one or two weeks - I have so many other things to do - but I will do it.

It would greatly help if you have some data from similcar cases, even bomb trajectories.

Robert
Title: Engine
Post by: schipjan on May 09, 2010, 04:42:26 PM
Dear Robert,
Thank you for your reply. I might be of your fathers age. I tried the use of formula's I found at Wikipedia (try Google with 'ballistiek'): (distance over the ground) Sx(t)=v.cos(a).t and (height) Sy(t)=1/2g.t2 . Because I have the height and 'dropincrease' (g) (= valversnelling = 9,81 m/s2), I can calculate t and apply that in the distance formula. The outcome is about 1000 metres. But this might all be too rough and wrong, so when I found your BfX site through Wikipedia, I gave it a try, realising that gunshooting is not 'engines falling of airplanes'.
I appreciate your input, kind regards, Jan
Title: Re: Engine
Post by: admin on May 09, 2010, 09:26:15 PM
Jan, after some thoughts, it isn't too difficult.

You made an error in your calculations. The better formula for the height as function of time : z(t)  =  z0-vz*t-0,5*9,81*t^2
vx=106 m/s
vz=18,6 m/s

In absence of air resistance the engine falls 30,2 s and travels 3198 m

With air resistance ... I made the following calculation ...
the engine falls about 34 s and travels about 2820 m

(It was done by a computer program that is not downloadable)

included a spreadsheet with the calculations


Robert

   m   m   m   s   m   m/s   m/s   m/s
   x   y   z   t   v   vx   vy   vz
0   0   0   5059,68   0   107,2896   105,6596299   0   -18,63064352
1   200   0   5006,632916   1,91011851   110,0991639   103,7476291   0   -36,85451598
2   400   0   4917,130465   3,856500547   115,684911   101,7493745   0   -55,04601183
3   600   0   4789,722193   5,842786049   123,5918684   99,61176624   0   -73,16041258
4   800   0   4622,758705   7,874016067   133,3068689   97,28770152   0   -91,13629582
5   1000   0   4414,321708   9,956771129   144,3379402   94,73571952   0   -108,8971277
6   1200   0   4162,139533   12,09939126   156,2491124   91,91865116   0   -126,3516787
7   1400   0   3863,480602   14,31232618   168,6631164   88,80195378   0   -143,3926771
8   1600   0   3515,013049   16,60867491   181,2484026   85,35206006   0   -159,8937437
9   1800   0   3112,612007   19,00500448   193,7007394   81,53484683   0   -175,7044257
10   2000   0   2651,084582   21,5225951   205,7235961   77,31419936   0   -190,6428928
11   2200   0   2123,761651   24,18937213   217,0078103   72,65058728   0   -204,4854075
12   2400   0   1521,865416   27,04300366   227,2089519   67,49953732   0   -216,9509629
13   2600   0   833,4792567   30,13609712   235,919091   61,80985336   0   -227,6781929
14   2800   0   41,76410461   33,54545389   242,6270797   55,52136465   0   -236,1890723
Title: Engine
Post by: schipjan on May 10, 2010, 03:25:56 PM
Dear Robert, thank you for all this work, I do understand the outcome, although it seems a bit a long distance between losing engine and impact. I see answers in m/s en metres. Questions: did you recalculate airplane speed from mph (1,6 km/u) in km/u or m/s, and airplane height from feet to metres (0,3048)? And did you incorporate the 10 degrees nose down angle of the airplane? The engine with propellor will have an enormous drag, does this influence the outcome, or is it incorporated in any formula?
Kind regards, Jan
Title: Re: Engine
Post by: admin on May 10, 2010, 09:39:27 PM
Jan,
working in the metric system has many advantages, so I did convert everything to that system first (see the Excel spreadsheet that was included in the previous post):
                              
               convert to metric         velocity components         
height dropped      16600   ft   5059,68   m         vx=   105,6596299   m/s   
velocity dropped      240   mph   107,2896   m/s         vz=   -18,63064352   m/s   
angle      -10   degrees   -0,174532925   rad                  

Then without air drag one can almost compute the distance where the engine hits the ground without any computers ... if one rounds off the numbers t^2=5000 *2 /10=1000, t=32s. Distance travelled=32*100=3200m
The 10 degrees is taken in account (vx vz), but that does not changes the impact zone much.

More accurately, but still for the case of no airdrag, one has to solve an equation like                            
z(t)=5059-18,6*t-0,5*9,81*t2   

if you do that then                           
                                 
Z(t)      z   -5,50723E-06   m   t   30,27447353   s            
                                 
x(t)   3198,789668   m                           

What about air drag?
I have made an estimate of what the ballistic coefficient (measure of drag) could be, put it into the computer program and got the table. I changed the values of the coefficient and looked at their effect. Then, convinced, I fixed the coefficient and presented the results in the previous post.

This is the educated guess, there could be some more drag, but there has to be a lot of drag before the engine hits the ground at 2km. If the motor started spinning then this might be the case. However, I think that it is very likely that you find the motor at 2,5-3 km.

Where was the motor lost?
Title: Re: Engine
Post by: admin on May 10, 2010, 11:04:53 PM
And if the engine does not deforms hitting the ground, it could travel as much as 16 m in the soil!
(based on a very naive estimation).
Title: Engine
Post by: schipjan on May 11, 2010, 11:24:50 AM
Dear Robert, thank you very much for all your input and work. I have one final request: the airspeed I gave you is based on some technical data: a Lancaster with bombload had an indicated (cruise) airspeed of about 180mph, during this specific flight there was a tailwind of about 50mph, so the speed I gave you was the estimated groundspeed (with a 10 degree nose down).
These data are all my estimates, I was not on board, it could be that I am wrong. But the aircraft was already hit by a nightfighter and by flak, it had problems with two engines, there were fires on board and than the engine in question fell off. So the indicated airspeed might have been much lower.
Therefore I would like to ask you to do your last calculation again, with all the same parameters, but with another (ground)speed: 200 mph.
For the moment I think it is necessary to keep you as 'neutral' as possible, but I will tell you the story behind my request after this. Thank you, kind regards,
Jan
Title: Re: Engine
Post by: admin on May 11, 2010, 01:43:52 PM
200 mph
without drag 2692 m
with drag 2387 m

   x   y   z   t   v   vx   vy   vz
0   0,00   0,00   5059,680   0,000   89,408   88,050   0,000   -15,526
1   200,00   0,00   4998,807   2,292   94,227   86,438   0,000   -37,513
2   400,00   0,00   4885,409   4,629   103,463   84,688   0,000   -59,436
3   600,00   0,00   4717,281   7,018   115,917   82,721   0,000   -81,203
4   800,00   0,00   4491,775   9,469   130,467   80,473   0,000   -102,692
5   1000,00   0,00   4205,627   11,994   146,228   77,893   0,000   -123,754
6   1200,00   0,00   3854,735   14,610   162,521   74,936   0,000   -144,214
7   1400,00   0,00   3433,860   17,340   178,802   71,558   0,000   -163,859
8   1600,00   0,00   2936,196   20,211   194,594   67,713   0,000   -182,433
9   1800,00   0,00   2352,714   23,262   209,427   63,355   0,000   -199,615
10   2000,00   0,00   1671,090   26,546   222,788   58,425   0,000   -214,990
11   2200,00   0,00   873,873   30,139   234,058   52,859   0,000   -228,011
12   2400,00   0,00   -64,949   34,162   242,440   46,577   0,000   -237,923
Title: Engine
Post by: schipjan on May 12, 2010, 11:10:00 AM
Dear Robert, thank you very much, this is of great help. The syory behind my request concerns a Lancaster from 101 Squadron, that was shot down during the Nürnberg Raid 30/31 March 1944. It crashed near Eisenach and with its full bombload still on board it exploded with great force just before impact, killing all crew. They found only pieces. There are, however, stories from locals that mention an engine lost before the explosion. I have been at the crash site a couple of times. A small monument was erected in 2008 by local investigators. The story has intriged me for a couple of years now. Again, thanks for your kind help, can I do anything in retrun? Kind regards :-\, Jan